Elecciones 2022

¿CÓMO LA CRISIS DE LOS CONTENEDORES PODRÍA AFECTAR AL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL?

ByVentanillaTv

21/10/2021

El gran incremento de las compras por internet genera una mayor demanda de bienes de consumo manufacturados originando el aumento de la demanda de transporte y alquiler de contenedores más de lo esperado.

Los contenedores son probablemente una de las invenciones más importantes a nivel mundial para el flujo del comercio internacional; que en su mayoría importa mercancía de países como China, Estados unidos o también de países europeos y latinoamericanos.

Todo lo que nosotros compramos en internet es transportado, vía marítima, en contenedores. Sin embargo, estos últimos días se ha visto una interrupción en el transporte marítimo que ha traído como consecuencia escasez de contenedores; lo que podría causar efectos devastadores en la economía mundial y también en el bolsillo de los consumidores.

“A raíz de la pandemia, y las medidas tomadas entre los diferentes mercados, el flete marítimo se ha visto resentido ya que los contenedores de gran volumen 40 y 20 pies están menos disponibles que antes de la crisis sanitaria. De hecho, en un periodo normal el valor de un contenedor de 40 HC vale entre U$3000 a U$4000 y en la actualidad bordean los U$15.000 a U$ 20.000”, manifestó el coordinador de la Escuela de Negocios Internacionales de la UCV, Roque Espinoza Casco.

Se podría decir entonces, que el gran incremento de las compras que se hacen a través del comercio electrónico genera una mayor demanda de bienes de consumo manufacturados, originando el aumento de la demanda de transporte y alquiler de contenedores más de lo esperado.

Sin embargo, el sobreabastecimiento de los flujos comerciales marítimos aumentó a medida que algunos gobiernos suavizaron sus medidas restrictivas y aprobaron paquetes de estímulo para la reactivación económica, provocando que las empresas incrementen un mayor abastecimiento de productos en medida de previsión frente a una nueva de pandemia.

“También, se puede asociar a la incapacidad para gestionar la crisis, situación que provocó que en los principales puertos se abandonen contenedores vacíos en lugares donde no se necesita, sin planificar el reposicionamiento, provocando patrones comerciales y desequilibrios dentro de la gestión”, indicó el especialista.

Otra variante, es la ruta larga de China hacia América del Sur. Para recorrer esta ruta se requieren más barcos para el servicio, lo que significa que hay un tráfico marítimo y atasco de contenedores.

Esta situación provoca escasez y, a su vez, demanda de contenedores para la importación pagando un mayor precio y en algunos casos hasta el costo por el mantenimiento de un contenedor vacío.

“Durante la pandemia se importó más de lo que se exportó y regresar contenedores vacíos dentro de una ruta larga hace que se incremente el precio del transporte en la devolución”, acota el el coordinador de la Escuela de Negocios Internacionales de la UCV.

Finalmente, para el especialista Roque Espinoza, esta crisis mundial de escasez de contenedores y los altos precios se puede entender como una razón que está impulsando el alza de índices de inflación, siendo una situación que pone en jaque la recuperación del comercio internacional.

ByVentanillaTv

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